Table of Contents
Part 1 Market Overview
    1.1 Market Definition
    1.2 Market Development
        1.2.1 Current Situation
        1.2.2 Aspects of COVID-19 Impact
    1.3 By Type
                Table Type of Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment
                Figure Global Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Share by Type in 2019
    1.4 By Application
                Table Application of Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment
                Figure Global Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Share by Application in 2019
    1.5 By Region
                Figure Global Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Share by Region in 2019
                Figure Asia Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Share by Region in 2019
Part 2 Key Companies
    2.1 Bocsh
        2.1.1 Company Profile
                Table Bocsh Overview List
        2.1.2 Products & Services Overview
        2.1.3 Sales Data List
                Table Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Business Operation of Bocsh (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
    2.2 Wihuri Group
    2.3 FUJI MACHINERY
    2.4 KHS
    2.5 Pro Mach
    2.6 Coesia Group
    2.7 Omori Machinery
    2.8 Premier Tech Chronos
    2.9 Scholle
    2.10 PFM Packaging Machinery
    2.11 Hayssen
    2.12 GEA
    2.13 Viking Masek
    2.14 IMA
    2.15 Triangle Package
    2.16 Pakona Engineers
    2.17 Fres-co System USA
    2.18 Cryovac
    2.19 Formost Fuji Corporation
    2.20 Weighpack
    2.21 RM Group
    2.22 Xingfeipack
    2.23 Sanguan
Part 3 Global Market Status and Future Forecast
    3.1 Global Market by Region
                Table Global Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market by Region, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
                Figure Global Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Share by Region in 2019 (Million USD)
                Table Global Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market by Region, 2015-2019 (Volume)
                Figure Global Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Share by Region in 2019 (Volume)
                Table Price List by Region, 2015-2019
    3.2 Global Market by Company
                Table Global Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market by Company, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
                Figure Global Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Share by Company in 2019 (Million USD)
                Table Global Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market by Company, 2015-2019 (Volume)
                Figure Global Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Share by Company in 2019 (Volume)
                Table Price List by Company, 2015-2019
    3.3 Global Market by Type
                Table Global Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
                Figure Global Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Share by Type in 2019 (Million USD)
                Table Global Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Volume)
                Figure Global Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Share by Type in 2019 (Volume)
                Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
    3.4 Global Market by Application
                Table Global Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
                Figure Global Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Share by Application in 2019 (Million USD)
                Table Global Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Volume)
                Figure Global Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Share by Application in 2019 (Volume)
                Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
    3.5 Global Market by Forecast
                Figure Global Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure Global Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
Part 4 Asia-Pacific Market Status and Future Forecast
    4.1 Asia-Pacific Market by Type
                Table Asia-Pacific Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
                Figure Asia-Pacific Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Share by Type in 2019 (Million USD)
                Table Asia-Pacific Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Volume)
                Figure Asia-Pacific Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Share by Type in 2019 (Volume)
                Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
    4.2 Asia-Pacific Market by Application
                Table Asia-Pacific Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
                Figure Asia-Pacific Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Share by Application in 2019 (Million USD)
                Table Asia-Pacific Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Volume)
                Figure Asia-Pacific Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Share by Application in 2019 (Volume)
                Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
    4.3 Asia-Pacific Market by Geography
        4.3.1 China Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure China Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure China Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure China Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure China Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
        4.3.2 Southeast Asia Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure Southeast Asia Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure Southeast Asia Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure Southeast Asia Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure Southeast Asia Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
        4.3.3 India Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure India Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure India Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure India Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure India Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
        4.3.4 Japan Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure Japan Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure Japan Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure Japan Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure Japan Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
        4.3.5 Korea Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure Korea Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure Korea Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure Korea Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure Korea Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
        4.3.6 Oceania Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure Oceania Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure Oceania Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure Oceania Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure Oceania Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
    4.4 Asia-Pacific Market by Forecast
                Figure Asia-Pacific Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure Asia-Pacific Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
Part 5 Europe Market Status and Future Forecast
    5.1 Europe Market by Type
                Table Europe Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
                Figure Europe Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Share by Type in 2019 (Million USD)
                Table Europe Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Volume)
                Figure Europe Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Share by Type in 2019 (Volume)
                Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
    5.2 Europe Market by Application
                Table Europe Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
                Figure Europe Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Share by Application in 2019 (Million USD)
                Table Europe Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Volume)
                Figure Europe Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Share by Application in 2019 (Volume)
                Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
    5.3 Europe Market by Geography
        5.3.1 Germany Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure Germany Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure Germany Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure Germany Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure Germany Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
        5.3.2 UK Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure UK Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure UK Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure UK Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure UK Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
        5.3.3 France Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure France Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure France Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure France Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure France Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
        5.3.4 Italy Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure Italy Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure Italy Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure Italy Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure Italy Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
        5.3.5 Russia Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure Russia Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure Russia Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure Russia Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure Russia Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
        5.3.6 Spain Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure Spain Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure Spain Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure Spain Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure Spain Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
        5.3.6 Netherlands Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure Netherlands Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure Netherlands Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure Netherlands Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure Netherlands Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
        5.3.7 Turkey Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure Turkey Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure Turkey Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure Turkey Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure Turkey Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
        5.3.6 Switzerland Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure Switzerland Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure Switzerland Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure Switzerland Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure Switzerland Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
    5.4 Europe Market by Forecast
                Figure Europe Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure Europe Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
Part 6 North America Market Status and Future Forecast
    6.1 North America Market by Type
                Table North America Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
                Figure North America Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Share by Type in 2019 (Million USD)
                Table North America Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Volume)
                Figure North America Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Share by Type in 2019 (Volume)
                Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
    6.2 North America Market by Application
                Table North America Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
                Figure North America Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Share by Application in 2019 (Million USD)
                Table North America Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Volume)
                Figure North America Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Share by Application in 2019 (Volume)
                Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
    6.3 North America Market by Geography
        6.3.1 United States Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure United States Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure United States Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure United States Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure United States Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
        6.3.2 Canada Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure Canada Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure Canada Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure Canada Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure Canada Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
        6.3.3 Mexico Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure Mexico Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure Mexico Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure Mexico Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure Mexico Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
    6.4 North America Market by Forecast
                Figure North America Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure North America Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
Part 7 South America Market Status and Future Forecast
    7.1 South America Market by Type
                Table South America Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
                Figure South America Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Share by Type in 2019 (Million USD)
                Table South America Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Volume)
                Figure South America Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Share by Type in 2019 (Volume)
                Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
    7.2 South America Market by Application
                Table South America Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
                Figure South America Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Share by Application in 2019 (Million USD)
                Table South America Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Volume)
                Figure South America Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Share by Application in 2019 (Volume)
                Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
    7.3 South America Market by Geography
        7.3.1 Brazil Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure Brazil Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure Brazil Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure Brazil Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure Brazil Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
        7.3.2 Argentina Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure Argentina Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure Argentina Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure Argentina Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure Argentina Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
        7.3.3 Columbia Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure Columbia Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure Columbia Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure Columbia Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure Columbia Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
        7.3.4 Chile Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure Chile Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure Chile Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure Chile Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure Chile Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
        7.3.5 Peru Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure Peru Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure Peru Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure Peru Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure Peru Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
    7.4 South America Market by Forecast
                Figure South America Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure South America Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
Part 8 Middle East & Africa Market Status and Future Forecast
    8.1 Middle East & Africa Market by Type
                Table Middle East & Africa Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
                Figure Middle East & Africa Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Share by Type in 2019 (Million USD)
                Table Middle East & Africa Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Volume)
                Figure Middle East & Africa Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Share by Type in 2019 (Volume)
                Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
    8.2 Middle East & Africa Market by Application
                Table Middle East & Africa Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
                Figure Middle East & Africa Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Share by Application in 2019 (Million USD)
                Table Middle East & Africa Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Volume)
                Figure Middle East & Africa Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Share by Application in 2019 (Volume)
                Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
    8.3 Middle East & Africa Market by Geography
        8.3.1 GCC Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure GCC Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure GCC Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure GCC Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure GCC Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
        8.3.2 North Africa Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure North Africa Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure North Africa Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure North Africa Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure North Africa Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
        8.3.3 South Africa Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure South Africa Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure South Africa Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure South Africa Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure South Africa Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
    8.4 Middle East & Africa Market by Forecast
                Figure Middle East & Africa Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure Middle East & Africa Form Fill and Sealing (FFS) Equipment Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
Part 9 Market Features
    9.1 Product Features
    9.2 Price Features
    9.3 Channel Features
    9.4 Purchasing Features
Part 10 Investment Opportunity
    10.1 Regional Investment Opportunity
    10.2 Industry Investment Opportunity
PART 11 Coronavirus Impact
    11.1 Impact on Industry Upstream
    11.2 Impact on Industry Downstream
    11.3 Impact on Industry Channels
    11.4 Impact on Industry Competition
    11.5 Impact on Industry Obtain Employment
Part 12 Conclusion