Table of Contents
Part 1 Market Overview
    1.1 Market Definition
    1.2 Market Development
        1.2.1 Current Situation
        1.2.2 Aspects of COVID-19 Impact
    1.3 By Type
                Table Type of Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks
                Figure Global Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Share by Type in 2019
    1.4 By Application
                Table Application of Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks
                Figure Global Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Share by Application in 2019
    1.5 By Region
                Figure Global Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Share by Region in 2019
                Figure Asia Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Share by Region in 2019
Part 2 Key Companies
    2.1 Bosch
        2.1.1 Company Profile
                Table Bosch Overview List
        2.1.2 Products & Services Overview
        2.1.3 Sales Data List
                Table Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Business Operation of Bosch (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
    2.2 Continental
    2.3 Delphi
    2.4 DENSO
    2.5 Visteon
    2.6 ID4Motion
    2.7 Mitsubishi Electric
    2.8 Nippon Seiki
    2.9 Yazaki
Part 3 Global Market Status and Future Forecast
    3.1 Global Market by Region
                Table Global Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market by Region, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
                Figure Global Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Share by Region in 2019 (Million USD)
                Table Global Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market by Region, 2015-2019 (Volume)
                Figure Global Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Share by Region in 2019 (Volume)
                Table Price List by Region, 2015-2019
    3.2 Global Market by Company
                Table Global Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market by Company, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
                Figure Global Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Share by Company in 2019 (Million USD)
                Table Global Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market by Company, 2015-2019 (Volume)
                Figure Global Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Share by Company in 2019 (Volume)
                Table Price List by Company, 2015-2019
    3.3 Global Market by Type
                Table Global Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
                Figure Global Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Share by Type in 2019 (Million USD)
                Table Global Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Volume)
                Figure Global Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Share by Type in 2019 (Volume)
                Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
    3.4 Global Market by Application
                Table Global Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
                Figure Global Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Share by Application in 2019 (Million USD)
                Table Global Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Volume)
                Figure Global Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Share by Application in 2019 (Volume)
                Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
    3.5 Global Market by Forecast
                Figure Global Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure Global Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
Part 4 Asia-Pacific Market Status and Future Forecast
    4.1 Asia-Pacific Market by Type
                Table Asia-Pacific Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
                Figure Asia-Pacific Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Share by Type in 2019 (Million USD)
                Table Asia-Pacific Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Volume)
                Figure Asia-Pacific Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Share by Type in 2019 (Volume)
                Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
    4.2 Asia-Pacific Market by Application
                Table Asia-Pacific Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
                Figure Asia-Pacific Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Share by Application in 2019 (Million USD)
                Table Asia-Pacific Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Volume)
                Figure Asia-Pacific Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Share by Application in 2019 (Volume)
                Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
    4.3 Asia-Pacific Market by Geography
        4.3.1 China Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure China Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure China Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure China Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure China Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
        4.3.2 Southeast Asia Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure Southeast Asia Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure Southeast Asia Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure Southeast Asia Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure Southeast Asia Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
        4.3.3 India Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure India Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure India Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure India Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure India Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
        4.3.4 Japan Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure Japan Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure Japan Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure Japan Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure Japan Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
        4.3.5 Korea Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure Korea Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure Korea Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure Korea Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure Korea Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
        4.3.6 Oceania Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure Oceania Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure Oceania Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure Oceania Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure Oceania Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
    4.4 Asia-Pacific Market by Forecast
                Figure Asia-Pacific Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure Asia-Pacific Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
Part 5 Europe Market Status and Future Forecast
    5.1 Europe Market by Type
                Table Europe Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
                Figure Europe Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Share by Type in 2019 (Million USD)
                Table Europe Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Volume)
                Figure Europe Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Share by Type in 2019 (Volume)
                Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
    5.2 Europe Market by Application
                Table Europe Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
                Figure Europe Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Share by Application in 2019 (Million USD)
                Table Europe Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Volume)
                Figure Europe Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Share by Application in 2019 (Volume)
                Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
    5.3 Europe Market by Geography
        5.3.1 Germany Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure Germany Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure Germany Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure Germany Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure Germany Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
        5.3.2 UK Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure UK Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure UK Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure UK Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure UK Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
        5.3.3 France Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure France Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure France Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure France Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure France Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
        5.3.4 Italy Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure Italy Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure Italy Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure Italy Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure Italy Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
        5.3.5 Russia Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure Russia Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure Russia Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure Russia Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure Russia Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
        5.3.6 Spain Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure Spain Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure Spain Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure Spain Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure Spain Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
        5.3.6 Netherlands Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure Netherlands Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure Netherlands Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure Netherlands Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure Netherlands Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
        5.3.7 Turkey Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure Turkey Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure Turkey Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure Turkey Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure Turkey Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
        5.3.6 Switzerland Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure Switzerland Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure Switzerland Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure Switzerland Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure Switzerland Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
    5.4 Europe Market by Forecast
                Figure Europe Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure Europe Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
Part 6 North America Market Status and Future Forecast
    6.1 North America Market by Type
                Table North America Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
                Figure North America Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Share by Type in 2019 (Million USD)
                Table North America Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Volume)
                Figure North America Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Share by Type in 2019 (Volume)
                Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
    6.2 North America Market by Application
                Table North America Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
                Figure North America Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Share by Application in 2019 (Million USD)
                Table North America Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Volume)
                Figure North America Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Share by Application in 2019 (Volume)
                Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
    6.3 North America Market by Geography
        6.3.1 United States Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure United States Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure United States Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure United States Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure United States Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
        6.3.2 Canada Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure Canada Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure Canada Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure Canada Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure Canada Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
        6.3.3 Mexico Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure Mexico Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure Mexico Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure Mexico Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure Mexico Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
    6.4 North America Market by Forecast
                Figure North America Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure North America Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
Part 7 South America Market Status and Future Forecast
    7.1 South America Market by Type
                Table South America Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
                Figure South America Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Share by Type in 2019 (Million USD)
                Table South America Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Volume)
                Figure South America Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Share by Type in 2019 (Volume)
                Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
    7.2 South America Market by Application
                Table South America Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
                Figure South America Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Share by Application in 2019 (Million USD)
                Table South America Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Volume)
                Figure South America Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Share by Application in 2019 (Volume)
                Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
    7.3 South America Market by Geography
        7.3.1 Brazil Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure Brazil Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure Brazil Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure Brazil Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure Brazil Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
        7.3.2 Argentina Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure Argentina Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure Argentina Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure Argentina Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure Argentina Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
        7.3.3 Columbia Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure Columbia Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure Columbia Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure Columbia Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure Columbia Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
        7.3.4 Chile Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure Chile Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure Chile Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure Chile Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure Chile Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
        7.3.5 Peru Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure Peru Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure Peru Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure Peru Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure Peru Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
    7.4 South America Market by Forecast
                Figure South America Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure South America Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
Part 8 Middle East & Africa Market Status and Future Forecast
    8.1 Middle East & Africa Market by Type
                Table Middle East & Africa Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
                Figure Middle East & Africa Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Share by Type in 2019 (Million USD)
                Table Middle East & Africa Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market by Type, 2015-2019 (Volume)
                Figure Middle East & Africa Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Share by Type in 2019 (Volume)
                Table Price List by Type, 2015-2019
    8.2 Middle East & Africa Market by Application
                Table Middle East & Africa Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Million USD)
                Figure Middle East & Africa Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Share by Application in 2019 (Million USD)
                Table Middle East & Africa Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market by Application, 2015-2019 (Volume)
                Figure Middle East & Africa Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Share by Application in 2019 (Volume)
                Table Price List by Application, 2015-2019
    8.3 Middle East & Africa Market by Geography
        8.3.1 GCC Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure GCC Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure GCC Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure GCC Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure GCC Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
        8.3.2 North Africa Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure North Africa Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure North Africa Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure North Africa Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure North Africa Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
        8.3.3 South Africa Market Status and Future Forecast
                Figure South Africa Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Million USD)
                Figure South Africa Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Market Status, 2015-2019  (Volume)
                Figure South Africa Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure South Africa Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
    8.4 Middle East & Africa Market by Forecast
                Figure Middle East & Africa Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Million USD)
                Figure Middle East & Africa Digital Instrument Clusters for Cars and Trucks Market Forecast, 2020-2025 (Volume)
Part 9 Market Features
    9.1 Product Features
    9.2 Price Features
    9.3 Channel Features
    9.4 Purchasing Features
Part 10 Investment Opportunity
    10.1 Regional Investment Opportunity
    10.2 Industry Investment Opportunity
PART 11 Coronavirus Impact
    11.1 Impact on Industry Upstream
    11.2 Impact on Industry Downstream
    11.3 Impact on Industry Channels
    11.4 Impact on Industry Competition
    11.5 Impact on Industry Obtain Employment
Part 12 Conclusion